WLTP, EPA and CLTC EV range: why the numbers differ
Compare electric vehicle test-cycle labels without treating them as fixed real-world conversion factors.
How it works
WLTP, EPA and CLTC are separate test procedures with different speed profiles and conditions. The listed range belongs to a specific vehicle variant, battery, wheels and testing method. A ratio observed for one car does not reliably convert every model. Use the original published test value as a labelled reference and build a trip estimate from usable battery and your likely kWh per 100 km instead.
Use the inputs from your own situation and keep the units consistent. A calculator gives an arithmetic estimate under the assumptions you enter; compare it with real records before making a decision.
Worked example
A vehicle with 72 usable kWh and a planned consumption of 20 kWh per 100 km has a simplified full-charge energy range of 72 ÷ 20 × 100 = 360 km. With 80% of the battery available between departure and a desired arrival reserve, the planning distance is 288 km. Neither figure is automatically its WLTP, EPA or CLTC rating.
What to check
Highway speed, ambient temperature, climate control, wind, elevation, tyres and degradation affect consumption. Test ratings are useful for standardized comparisons, not promised distance on a trip. Do not relabel a derived estimate as an official rating or assume a universal CLTC-to-EPA percentage.
Practical next step
Record the exact variant and cited test cycle for competing cars. Compare real consumption for your route, plan a charging reserve, and verify live chargers before departure.
Related calculators and articles
range standard estimator, ev range. ev road trip charging stops.
Save your assumptions and repeat the calculation if an input changes. The linked article explains a neighboring decision that this single formula does not settle.